Risks of Vasectomy

Risks...

Bleeding can occur during or after vasectomy by either method, but it is less common with NSV. If this occurs within the scrotum, drainage of a scrotal hematoma (blood clot) in a hospital operating room could be necessary. Smaller hematomas do not require surgical drainage, but tender swelling can last for 2 to 4 weeks. Both large and small hematomas are very rare. If the scrotal skin bleeds at the vasectomy access site, the scrotum can become discolored (black and blue) for about a week; this is more common than swelling, but painless.

Infection is also a rare complication. Among the first 24,000 vasectomy patients served by Dr. Stein, six infections have occurred (infection rate 1 in 4000): two patients had prolonged discomfort and progressive swelling on one side, not responsive to oral antibiotics, eventually maturing to a painful walnut-sized abscess requiring office drainage through a half-inch incision and a two-week period of local wound care. Four other milder infections (swelling unresponsive to anti-inflammatory medications) responded to oral antibiotics.

Sperm granuloma is a pea-sized (sometimes tender) lump on the vas tube at the vasectomy site, almost never requiring treatment. Some consider sperm granulomas beneficial, as they may increase the likelihood of success with vasectomy reversal. Periodic tenderness usually responds to an anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen, but over the past decade, 5-10 men been so troubled by chronic tenderness that they chose to undergo removal of the lump, an office procedure performed under local anesthesia similar to the original vasectomy.

Congestion, tender buildup of sperm and white blood cells upstream from or at the vasectomy site, can occur anytime after vasectomy, but usually goes away with use of an anti-inflammatory drug such as aspirin or ibuprofen. About one in 2000 patients will experience chronic post-vasectomy discomfort (PVPS or Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome) severe enough that he will seek vasectomy reversal or neurolysis (division of the sensory nerves coming from the testes). A larger percentage may have milder forms of chronic pain that can affect quality of life but not severely enough to seek vasectomy reversal.

Recanalization is the development of a channel for sperm flow between the two cut ends of the vas. If this happens during the healing process (early), the semen never becomes sperm-free until the vasectomy is repeated. If recanalization happens late (months or years after a man's semen has been examined and declared sperm-free), an unplanned pregnancy could result; but the odds of this occurring is far less after vasectomy than the odds of pregnancy with any other form of birth control including birth control pills and tubal ligation (female sterilization). Failure rates of vasectomy vary with the technique used to obstruct sperm flow through the vas tubes.

There are no proven long-term health risks (neither cancer nor cardiovascular disease) associated with vasectomy